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Plant Pest Diagnostics Center - Entomology Laboratory

Lauxaniidae of Fiji

Trypetisoma caniventre

Scientist: Dr. Stephen D. Gaimari

A project funded by an NSF grant (DEB-0425790) to PI Neal Evenhuis - "Terrestrial Arthropod Survey - Fiji".

The Lauxaniidae of Fiji currently comprises 20 species in 9 genera and subgenera. The fauna was most comprehensively treated by Bezzi (1928). In this work, Bezzi described two new genera (Eucyclosis and Prochaetops), both of which are still valid. He described two species in the former and one in the latter for the fauna of Fiji. Later, a few other species were moved to these genera, including Steganopsis solomensis Curran and S. varimana Malloch (both from the Solomon Islands) to Eucyclosis, and Trigonometopus setosus Knab (from Guam) to Prochaetops. Many species from French Polynesia were subsequently described by Malloch in Prochaetops, but have since been moved into the related genera Prochaetopsis Malloch and Aprochaetops Malloch. In addition, Bezzi described one species in the genus Griphoneura Schiner, which along with all of the Old World species described in Griphoneura was subsequently moved into Homoneura (Griphoneuroides Malloch). The remaining 15 Bezzi species from Fiji were described in the genus Sapromyza Fallén, and have subsequently been moved to various subgenera of Homoneura Wulp and to Trypetisoma (Trypaneoides Tonnoir & Malloch). Since Bezzi's work, Evenhuis & Okadome (1989) reported one (possibly two) additional species for Fiji, including Panurgopsis flava Kertész from Taiwan, and possibly Homoneura (Homoneura) postmacula (Walker) from the Hawaiian Islands. Dealing with the many thousands of lauxaniid specimens from this survey has proven to be a daunting task, but all materials sent in alcohol have been dried (using HMDS), mounted and labelled, and most of it is sorted to morphospecies (including all specimens of Eucyclosis, Prochaetops, Trypaneoides, Homoneura (Griphoneuroides), and Homoneura (Solomonia)). Of particular note are numerous new species in each of these genera and subgenera, in addition to the other subgenera of Homoneura known from the island.

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Evenhuis, N.L., & T. Okadome. 1989. Family Lauxaniidae, pp 576-589. In Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 1155 pp.
Eucyclosis splendida

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Loloti.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • Holotype Female, housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Eucyclosis variegata

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Eucyclosis splendida Bezzi, 1928: 125

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Nausori.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • Note. This is the type species of Eucyclosis Bezzi, by original designation. Holotype cited as female, but is male.
  • Holotype Male, housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Prochaetops nigriseta

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 200

    Prochaetops nigriseta Bezzi, 1928: 121

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Nausori (male syntype); Lautoka, Mt. Evans (female syntype).
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • Note. This is the type species of Prochaetops Bezzi, by original designation.
Prochaetops nigriseta

photographs by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Prochaetops nigriseta Bezzi, 1928: 121

  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • Note. This is the type species of Prochaetops Bezzi, by original designation.
Homoneura argyrocephala

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Sapromyza argyrocephala Bezzi, 1928: 135

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Tamuona.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • New combination into Homoneura (Euhomoneura) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Holotype Female, housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura hemixantha

Sapromyza argyrocephala Bezzi, 1928: 135

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Labasa.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • New combination into Homoneura (Euhomoneura) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
Homoneura hemixantha

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • Note. Syntypes collected in copula.
  • Syntypes Male (top) & Male+Female in copula (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura sertulata

Sapromyza sertulata Bezzi, 1928: 134

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Labasa; Lautoka Mts.
  • Known only from Fiji.

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (but unplaced to subgenus) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Note. Syntypes cited as male (Labasa) and female (Lautoka Mts), but both are male. The subgenus combination is not published, and this is not intended to constitute publication in terms of the ICZN.
  • Syntype Males, housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura insignis

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Griphoneura insignis Bezzi, 1928: 126

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Lautoka Mts.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • New combination into Homoneura (Griphoneuroides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Holotype Male, housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura discontinua

Sapromyza discontinua Bezzi, 1928: 136

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Loloti.
  • Known only from Fiji.

Homoneura discontinua

photographs by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • Combination with Sapromyza maintained by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Note. The genus combination is not published, and this is not intended to constitute publication in terms of the ICZN.
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura ensifera

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Sapromyza ensifera Bezzi, 1928: 139

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Nausori (male syntype); Lautoka Mts (female syntype).
  • Known only from Fiji.
Homoneura ensifera

photographs by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (Minettioides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura lissonata

Sapromyza lissonota Bezzi, 1928: 138

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Lautoka.
  • Known only from Fiji.
Homoneura lissonata

photographs by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (Minettioides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura reptans

Sapromyza reptans Bezzi, 1928: 139

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Nausori.
  • Known only from Fiji.
Homoneura reptans

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (Minettioides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura lissonata

Sapromyza lissonota Bezzi, 1928: 138

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Lautoka.
  • Known only from Fiji.
Homoneura lissonata

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (Minettioides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)

Sapromyza reptans Bezzi, 1928: 139

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Nausori.

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • Note. Syntypes collected in copula.
  • Syntypes Male (top) & Male+Female in copula (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura tephrotaenia

Sapromyza tephrotaenia Bezzi, 1928: 138

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Lautoka.
  • Known only from Fiji.
Homoneura tephrotaenia

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (Minettioides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Note. Syntypes collected in copula.
  • Syntype Male (top) and Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura volitans

Sapromyza volitans Bezzi, 1928: 140

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Savu Savu (male syntype); Loloti (female syntype).
  • Known only from Fiji.
Homoneura volitans

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Homoneura (Minettioides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura acrotoxa

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Sapromyza acrotoxa Bezzi, 1928: 133

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Walau.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • New combination into Homoneura (Solomonia) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
Homoneura invertebrata

Holotype Female, housed
in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Sapromyza invertebrata Bezzi, 1928: 137

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Labasa.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • Combination with Sapromyza maintained by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Note. The genus combination is not published, and this is not intended to constitute publication in terms of the ICZN.
Homoneura vertebrata

Holotype Female, housed
in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Sapromyza vertebrata Bezzi, 1928: 137

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Labasa.
  • Known only from Fiji.
  • New combination into Homoneura (Solomonia) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
Trypetisoma caniventre

Sapromyza caniventris Bezzi, 1928: 131

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Natova.
  • Known from Fiji, as well as American Samoa, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, Western Samoa.
Trypetisoma caniventre

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Trypetisoma (Trypaneoides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Trypetisoma cirrhicauda

Sapromyza cirrhicauda Bezzi, 1928: 129

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Natova.
Trypetisoma cirrhicauda

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • Known from Fiji, as well as American Samoa, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, Western Samoa.
  • New combination into Trypetisoma (Trypaneoides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Syntype Male (top) & Female (bottom), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Trypetisoma leucostictum

Sapromyza leucosticta Bezzi, 1928: 132

  • Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
  • Type locality. Fiji: Savu Savu; Cuvu.
  • Known from Fiji only.
Trypetisoma leucostictum

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

  • New combination into Trypetisoma (Trypaneoides) by Evenhuis & Okadome (1989).
  • Note. Syntypes cited as male (Savu Savu) and female (Cuvu), but both are male. Male from Savu Savu is dissected.
  • Syntype Males, housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Homoneura postmacula

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Chlorops postmacula Walker, 1849: 1121

  • Walker, F. 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum (Natural History), London. pp [3] + 689-1172 + [2].
  • Type locality. Hawaiian Islands [as Sandwich Islands].
  • Known from the Hawaiian Islands; doubtfully in Fiji (reported from ?Fiji in Evenhuis & Okadome 1989).
  • Syntype Female (singleton), housed in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH)
Panurgopsis flava

photograph by S.D. Gaimari,
©The Natural History Museum, London, 2002

Panurgopsis flava Kertész, 1915: 496

  • Kertész, K. 1915. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Lauxaniinae. II. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 13: 491-534.
  • Type locality. Taiwan: Takao.
  • Known from Taiwan; doubtfully in Fiji (reported from Fiji in Evenhuis & Okadome 1989).
  • Note. This is the type species of Panurgopsis Kertész, by original designation.
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